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Monday, 24 February 2014

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Saturday, 22 February 2014

Meet WhatsApp's first business person, Neeraj Arora

BANGALORE: Neeraj Arora, 35, is vice-president at WhatsApp, the company that Facebook acquired for $19 billion. But “ Business Guy” is what he calls himself on his LinkedIn profile. He was the first business person in WhatsApp, joining the company in 2011 to help the founders, who were primarily engineers, set up the business.


Arora did engineering from IIT, Delhi, and MBA from the Indian School of Business, Hyderabad. He worked in Times Internet and joined Google in India in 2007. Two years later, Google moved him to the US. TOI had an interview with the Delhi-bred Arora on what else, but WhatsApp.


How do you feel about the deal with Facebook?

Everyone at WhatsApp is excited and focused on the mission on hand.


Do you stay on with WhatsApp?

Everything stays as it is.


Did you own shares in the company?

Yes, I own shares. Most of the employees at WhatsApp do.


Many want to know how much money you made in the deal?

Personally, I care more about making sure that we stay focused on our mission and keep delighting our users.


Are there other Indians in WhatsApp?

Yeah, there are three more, two engineers and one office manager.


What made you leave Google and join WhatsApp?

Google is a great company and I really enjoyed my four years there. But I was looking for a place where I could have a real impact on the company and stay very close to the end users. Knowing about WhatsApp’s mission, culture and the team convinced me that this was the right opportunity for me. I joined as their first business person to help the founders run the non-engineering parts of the Company – business development, finance, marketing, operations.


What do you see as the highlights of your stint with WhatsApp?

I would say the partnerships with carriers. My team closed more than 50 partnerships with carriers in different parts of the world. These partnerships make mobile data very affordable for the end users and further our mission to connect everyone in the world.


How has India been for WhatsApp?

India is one of the top countries for us. We are humbled and excited by our growth there and will continue to make sure that every Indian who has a data enabled smartphone continues to enjoy using WhatsApp. We have more than 40 million monthly active users in India now.


Why is WhatsApp so much more successful than other messaging services?

We always focused on building a product that is simple, reliable and real time. A lot of small things went into making us the best product out there.


How will Facebook help?

We will stay autonomous and continue to execute on our mission. Nothing will change in the product. Facebook brings a lot of expertise to the table that we can use to help further our mission.


How was your stint with Times Internet?

I learnt a lot about the Indian mobile and internet industry. TIL is like a breeding ground for future leaders.


Satya Nadella just became CEO of Microsoft. What do you feel about Indians in US techdom?

Very proud of all the work that all of us are doing here.



Meet WhatsApp's first business person, Neeraj Arora
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With WhatsApp, Facebook enters your address book

The address book is making a billion-dollar comeback.


Weary of noisy social networks filled with mundane updates from the most remote acquaintances, millions of people have turned to their smartphone address books – and the diverse array of messaging services that rely on them, like Snapchat, Secret, Kik and WhatsApp - for more intimate social connections. Now the stampede toward those messaging services has Silicon Valley’s giants scrambling to catch up.


Being able to tap into this address book messaging is a major reason why Facebookdecided that WhatsApp, the most popular of these services, was worth as much as $19 billion. In announcing this week it would buy WhatsApp, Facebook is betting that the future of social networking will centre on not just broadcasting to the masses but also the ability to quickly and efficiently communicate with your family and closest confidants – those people you care enough about to have their numbers saved on your smartphone.


Facebook has long defined the digital social network, and the average adult Facebook user has more than 300 friends. The company’s strategy has mostly been about making that circle of friends even bigger, cajoling users into combining their friends, former friends, co-workers, second cousins and everyone they’ve ever met into a single, ballooning social network.


But the average adult has far fewer friends – perhaps just a couple in many cases, researchers say – to whom they talk regularly in their real-world social network.


“The prominence of the address book simply reflects the shift in relevance on the Internet to cater to the most universal and basic human need: communication,” David Byttow, a founder of a new messaging application called Secret, said in an email. “The address book is a simple, reusable list for any application, and simplicity always wins.”


Services like Instagram, Google Plus, Twitter and Facebook encourage users to share from the rooftop every life event and moment as material to be viewed and commented on. The internet enabled that sort of broad outreach like never before, and the services continue to grow, as more than 1 billion people have signed up on Facebook alone.


Yet the popularity of private-messaging applications like WhatsApp, which has more than 450 million users, suggests that despite all the technological advances in recent decades, people still crave to communicate in small groups and often just with one person at a time.


“There’s a very human need for intimate, one-to-one communications,” said Susan Etlinger, an analyst with Altimeter Group, who studies social technologies.


While the original ideas behind services like Facebook and Twitter may have been to connect people, Etlinger said, they have “evolved into a news feed,” one that is increasingly clogged by advertisements, brands and near-strangers, all competing to be seen and heard.


In addition, many people may be growing tired of worrying about how an image or status update will be perceived by their broader social network of employers, in-laws and ex-flames.


“Contacting someone on Facebook is the equivalent of opening up the phone book and calling someone,” said Scott Feinberg, 22, a user of WhatsApp. “With WhatsApp you’ve given me your number and actually want me to contact you.”


Facebook and other major tech companies have tried several times to roll out their own messaging applications, but they have not caught on like the products introduced by startups. Messenger, Facebook’s flagship chat product, was originally conceived as an alternative to email but is primarily used by people on Facebook to send notes to their friends within the network.


Mark Zuckerberg, chief executive of Facebook, acknowledged those shortcomings in a call to investors and analysts after the WhatsApp announcement. He also said his interest in WhatsApp came from realizing that “it’s a service for very quick and reliable real-time communication with all your contacts and small groups of people.”


Some analysts took Zuckerberg’s move to buy WhatsApp as a signal that Facebook was vulnerable despite its huge user base. For the most part, though, the new social networks that focus on smaller groups of people are being used in addition to services like Facebook and Twitter, not instead of them, a point Zuckerberg made on the call with investors.


“WhatsApp also complements our services and will add a lot of new value to our community,” he said.


Whether the two kinds of social networks can coexist and thrive remains to be seen. It could well be that younger Facebook users, who tend to have more friends on the service than older users, have more of a need for a separate service. But with the addition of WhatsApp, Facebook has positioned itself to be ready if the move away from its core offerings is swift.


It could turn out that the dominant messaging platform has still not emerged. David Lee, an investor who is one of the founders of the prominent Silicon Valley firm SV Angel, said that he was watching the next-generation messaging category with intense interest. But he said it was not yet clear which ones would have long-term staying power.


According to Lee, these apps take off because people can quickly import their friends. But once people get bored or distracted by the latest hot app, “it’s just easier to switch and move on to the next one.”


The services that stick around, he said, will be the ones that people return to every day.


Adam Ludwin, a serial entrepreneur who is working on a new messaging application, Ether, said Facebook was future-proofing itself for a sea change in social media: In the near-term future, people’s mobile numbers will be as tied to their digital identities as their Facebook, Google or Twitter accounts.


“The address book is a very unique thing that sits on the phone and isn’t available to the desktop world,” Ludwin said. “It allows you to build services that have the potential to grow very fast.”


Chiqui Matthew, 35, who works in finance, said he preferred services like WhatsApp. “I fear all communication in the digital age is being reduced to shouting in a crowded theater,” he said in an email. “Everything is absolute, declarative, exclaimed, public and generally lacking in the nuance of face-to-face conversation. I like the digital version of a ‘cocktail party whisper.’ An intimation meant to be intimate.”


But even Matthew has not given up on Facebook completely. He made his comment after responding to a Facebook post.



With WhatsApp, Facebook enters your address book
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Google was ready to pay more than $19 billion for WhatsApp: Report


NEW DELHI: Internet search titan Google reportedly went all out to thwart Facebook’s acquisition of mobile messaging app WhatsApp.

According to a report by TheInformation, Google CEO Larry Page went to meet WhatsApp chief Jan Koum last week in a desperate bid to prevent the deal from materializing.


The report cites three sources claiming that Page reached out to Koum upon hearing of Zuckerberg’s offer of giving him a seat on the board of directors of Facebook as part of the acquisition deal.


An unidentified source quoted Page telling Koum, “Stay independent as you’ve always planned. You’re a big threat to Facebook. And joining Facebook would have a major impact on how things play out for years to come.”


It goes on to say that Google was ready to outbid Facebook’s $19 billion offer, but Koum reportedly felt that Facebook would give it more independence and that the two companies shared the vision of bringing people closer.


Google itself was not too happy about shelling out $19 billion for a messaging app, but was willing nevertheless as it wanted to keep WhatsApp out of Facebook’s hands, the report says.


This is not the first time Google has approached WhatsApp. Even before WhatsApp agreed for Facebook’s $19 billion deal, speculation was rife that Google had tried its luck at acquiring the popular messaging service.


A report by Fortune cited two separate sources to claim that Google had earlier offered to purchase WhatsApp for $10 billion. However, it’s unclear exactly when the search giant attempted to make that deal. The bid came without the promise of a Google board seat, unlike Facebook’s agreement, according to that report.


The Information’s latest report has cited three unnamed sources as saying that Google was even willing to top Facebook’s $19 billion offer. Google CEO Larry Page also assured WhatsApp co-founder Jan Koum that Google will allow the messaging startup to operate independently and compete with Facebook.


However, WhatsApp founders rebuffed the offer as they reportedly felt their company was able to identify more with Facebook’s philosophy.


It also mentions that Google had made an offer to WhatsApp wherein it would get the right to be notified in case WhatsApp entered acquisition talks, in exchange for a sum amounting to millions of dollars. WhatsApp did not accept the offer made a few months ago.


Following the deal with Facebook, Koum would take a place at Facebook’s board and has assured that “nothing” would change for users immediately as Facebook plans to run WhatsApp independently, much like Instagram.



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Google's Hangouts blunder helped WhatsApp

Google's Hangouts blunder helped WhatsApp


NEW DELHI: Just a few days before WhatsAppfounders agreed to sell the company to Facebook, they were reportedly contacted byGoogle CEO Larry Page. According to a report on the Fortune website, Google had earlier offered $10 billion for WhatsApp but the deal did not materialize. This time Page told WhatsApp founders that they should remain independent and should not sell their company to Facebook. WhatsApp was doing great on its own, Page reportedly said.


But it is naive to think that what Page told WhatsApp was driven only by his wish to see WhatsApp prosper. While the jury is out on whether Facebook paid too much for the instant messaging service or not, there is no denying that WhatsApp is an impressive service with a big reach on mobile phones. Google and Facebook are fierce competitors and for Google it is definitely a matter of concern if Facebook owns WhatsApp.



But the bigger story here is not that Google missed buying WhatsApp. Vishal Tripathi, principal analyst with Gartner, says that despite owning the world’s most widely used mobile operating system, the company has failed to come up with an instant messaging app that users can rely on.


“It looks like Google missed an opportunity here. Android is very popular and used by majority of smartphone users in the world. Blackberry was used by fewer people and yet the Canadian company managed to build BBM into a brand and kind of service that everyone wanted on their phone,” he says.


It is not that Google is not aware of the important role that instant messaging app are playing on smartphones. The company had Google Talk app on Android since the beginning of the OS. Though basic, the app was noted for its fast and simple messaging interface.


But in a bid to take on the likes of WhatsApp, Google replaced Talk with Hangouts in May 2013.


The result, however, has not been pretty. Hangouts combined instant messaging with SMS and provided a unified interface. While in theory this sounds impressive, users found the interface on Hangouts confusing and bloated.


Srivatsa Sharma, a social media professional, used Google Talk to keep in touch with his colleagues until November last year. But then the Google Talk app on his phone got updated and was replaced with Hangouts. He found the new app confusing. “It is slow. Messages are delivered after a delay and there is no way to see who is online in my contact list and who is not. I ended up disabling it,” he said.


Sharma and all of his colleagues then switched to WhatsApp. The app is not only simpler to use and is much faster but also allowed Sharma to create a specific group that he can use for group discussion with his colleague.


The irony here is that Hangouts app comes pre-installed on almost all new Android phones. But yet no one uses it. It lacks features that WhatsApp offers, especially those related to file sharing and group talks.


In the Android Play Store, Hangouts app has a rating of 3.7 points, which is bad for a Google app. Most of other popular chat apps have a rating of over 4 points. WhatsApp has a rating of 4.5 points while WeChat has a rating of 4.3 points. Even Facebook Messenger, which is not all that popular, has a rating of 4.2 points.


“It’s confusing. I love Google apps but this (Hangouts) is really confusing. The Talk app was great! It showed properly who is online, it clearly distinguished between the Talk contacts and normal email addresses. In Hangouts, it says in my contact list that a general email is also my friend… SMS integration: it’s bad, it’s slow. Why is SMS looking for the internet and slowing down the process of opening the message,” notes a review left by an Android user on Hangouts page.


This negative review is not unique. Thousands of Android users have given similar reviews and have left a 1 point rating, the lowest that an app can get in the Play Store, for Hangouts.


While Google has now realized the importance of a good instant messaging app and it may fix Hangouts, Tripathi says that it is too late. “I think it is too late for Google now. WhatsApp has a big lead. Yes, they are trying with Hangouts, but for a company as big as Google, they could have done much better,” says Tripathi.



Google's Hangouts blunder helped WhatsApp
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Friday, 21 February 2014

How to Set up Indoor Photography Lights

Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 1.jpg

If you are creating an indoor studio, whether temporary or permanent, you will need to have a good and consistent setup so that you know what you will be getting when you take the photographs. Read here to get an understanding of what you need to do.


Edit Steps



  1. Have the recommended minimum of 3 three lights. You will get the best effect, if you do. Having said that, if you don’t, make adjustments, such as your lights and the window, and you can use your wall and ceiling as a reflectors for the light you do have. The lights are the

  2. To start with, set the key light behind or beside the camera, to the right (subject’s left). This is assuming that the key light will be off camera. If it is on its own tripod. The main light adds definition and highlight to the subject


  3. Add the fill light. The fill light is a less powerful light that helps fill in some of the shadows without blowing out parts of the photograph. Set it up directly in front of the subject. Make sure that:


    • It is aimed lower than the main light.

    • It is positioned lower than the main light.

    • Use less fill light if you want more shadows.

    • Make sure that it is less powerful than the main light.



  4. Set up the hair light. The hair light (also called backlighting or rim lighting), separates the background from the subject and helps bring it out. If you have a light background or want the subject to blend in with the background, don’t use it.


    • You can set up the rim lighting above or below the subject, depending on how you want the effect.



  5. Once all the lights are set up, start moving them around. Move them closer and further away from the subject to see which result you get.


  6. Experiment with how much power your flash is using. Full power, versus 1/4 power, etc.


  7. As well as changing the distance of the lights, work on the angles. Try them lower and higher.



Edit Video


Edit Things You’ll Need



  • Tripods

  • Off camera light sources

  • Modifiers

    • Reflectors

    • Diffusers

    • Soft box (optional)



  • Triggers for your remote flashes


Edit Related wikiHows



Edit Sources and Citations






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How to Set up Indoor Photography Lights

Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 1.jpg

If you are creating an indoor studio, whether temporary or permanent, you will need to have a good and consistent setup so that you know what you will be getting when you take the photographs. Read here to get an understanding of what you need to do.


Edit Steps


  1. Have the recommended minimum of 3 three lights. You will get the best effect, if you do. Having said that, if you don’t, make adjustments, such as your lights and the window, and you can use your wall and ceiling as a reflectors for the light you do have. The lights are the

  2. To start with, set the key light behind or beside the camera, to the right (subject’s left). This is assuming that the key light will be off camera. If it is on its own tripod. The main light adds definition and highlight to the subject


  3. Add the fill light. The fill light is a less powerful light that helps fill in some of the shadows without blowing out parts of the photograph. Set it up directly in front of the subject. Make sure that:
    Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 3.jpg

    • It is aimed lower than the main light.

    • It is positioned lower than the main light.

    • Use less fill light if you want more shadows.

    • Make sure that it is less powerful than the main light.


  4. Set up the hair light. The hair light (also called backlighting or rim lighting), separates the background from the subject and helps bring it out. If you have a light background or want the subject to blend in with the background, don’t use it.
    Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 4.jpg

    • You can set up the rim lighting above or below the subject, depending on how you want the effect.


  5. Once all the lights are set up, start moving them around. Move them closer and further away from the subject to see which result you get.
    Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 5.jpg


  6. Experiment with how much power your flash is using. Full power, versus 1/4 power, etc.
    Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 6.jpg


  7. As well as changing the distance of the lights, work on the angles. Try them lower and higher.
    Set up Indoor Photography Lights Step 7.jpg


Edit Video


Edit Things You’ll Need


  • Tripods

  • Off camera light sources

  • Modifiers
    • Reflectors

    • Diffusers

    • Soft box (optional)


  • Triggers for your remote flashes

Edit Related wikiHows


Edit Sources and Citations


Thursday, 20 February 2014

How to Get Rid of Flies

Get Rid of Flies Step 1.jpg

Flies can cause problems, especially when it comes to contaminating your food. While the average house fly does not bite people, it can spread disease and pathogens including salmonella, malaria and tuberculosis. Fruit flies are smaller but can lay up to 500 eggs on the surface of your food. Preventing flies from coming into your home is just as important as removing them. Get rid of flies by making a do-it-yourself trap or buying a commercial trap.


Edit Steps


Edit Getting Rid of Flies with Home Remedies


  1. Set a trap with dish soap. Pour 1 inch (2.54 cm) of liquid dish soap into a jar and add 1 inch (2.54 cm) of water. The flies will be attracted to the soap and drown in the water.

    • Use fruit flavored dish soap for best results. An apple scented soap or lemon soap may provide better results, for example.

    • Add a drop or two of apple cider vinegar if you do not seem to be catching many flies. The vinegar will attract flies to the jar.


  2. Mix a natural fly repellent in a spray bottle. Flies will stay away from the scent of cayenne pepper. Mix a little in a spray bottle with water.

    • Spray the cayenne mixture in doorways, window sills and other cracks and corners where flies might try to come in. The smell of the cayenne will keep them out.


  3. Plant herbs to repel flies. They do not like scents such as lavender, basil and mint. Set up an herb garden in your kitchen or window sills to keep flies out.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 3.jpg

    • Use marigolds if you prefer flowers to herbs. Marigolds are offensive to flies.


  4. Outsmart flies with plastic bags full of water. The way the bags and water reflect light will resemble a spider’s web, and flies always try to avoid those.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 4.jpg

    • Fill clear plastic bags halfway with water. Seal the bags and hang them near doors and windows.

    • Hang old CDs and DVDs to achieve the same light effect.


Edit Getting Rid of Flies with Commercial Fly Traps


  1. Purchase fly paper. This can be found at hardware stores, department stores and home improvement retailers. Flies will stick to the paper and be unable to fly away.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 6.jpg

    • Remove the fly paper and discard it when too many flies begin to accumulate. Not only will it cease to be useful, a crowded strip of fly paper often looks unattractive.


  2. Consider a fly light. You can buy a special light that keeps flies away from your kitchen or home. Many restaurants use this type of device.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 7.jpg


Edit Preventing Flies


  1. Keep all of your trash sealed. Flies are attracted to garbage, especially any decaying food.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 9.jpg


  2. Throw out fruits and vegetables before they get too old to eat. Whenever possible, keep them in the refrigerator instead of out in the kitchen.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 10.jpg


  3. Clean your floors, countertops and other surfaces thoroughly. Be sure not to leave crumbs or spills.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 11.jpg


  4. Check your sealing and insulation. Doors and windows should be closed and sealed to prevent flies and other insects from coming in.
    Get Rid of Flies Step 12.jpg


Edit Video


Edit Tips


  • Keep a fly swatter handy. Sometimes, flies can easily be slapped and swatted.

Edit Warnings


  • Use any insecticides carefully. They can often be harmful to people and pets. Try as many nontoxic remedies as you can before using poisons or chemicals.

Edit Things You’ll Need


  • Dish soap

  • Jar

  • Water

  • Apple cider vinegar

  • Cayenne pepper

  • Spray bottle

  • Herbs

  • Plastic bag

  • CDs

  • Fly paper

  • Fly light

Edit Sources and Citations


How to Freeze Your Credit

Freeze Your Credit Step 1 Version 2.jpg

If you suspect theft or have lost an item of personal identification, such as driver’s license, Social Security card, or credit card, you are at risk of having your identity stolen. Once a thief has this information, it is easy for him or her to get credit in your name. For this reason, you need to know how to freeze your credit with all three credit reporting agencies. Freezing your credit prevents new credit or new loans from being given out in your name.


Edit Steps


Edit Part One: Placing the Freeze



  1. Contact the three main credit bureaus (links provided below) to begin the process. There are three main credit bureaus which are charged with maintaining a kind of status report on your credit. They are Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian. In order to assure that all possible lines or credit or credit reports are frozen, you’ll need to reach out to all three bureaus — not just one. When contacting the three bureaus, expect to provide your name, address, date of birth, and Social Security number.


  2. Be prepared to pay a fee in some states. In some states but not all, placing a freeze on your credit will cost a nominal fee of $5-$10. If you are victim of identity theft, placing a credit freeze is almost always free[2]


  3. Wait for each credit bureau to send you a PIN. Within 5 days, the credit reporting agency should place the freeze. Within 10 days, they should send you written confirmation of the freeze, along with a personal identification number (PIN) which will allow you to either thaw or remove the freeze entirely.


    • Thawing the credit freeze simply means temporarily lifting the freeze for a specified amount of time. You might use your PIN to thaw the freeze so that a reporting agency can issue a credit report for you to use or examine.

    • Removing the credit freeze means permanently lifting the injunction against issuing a new line of credit or a credit report.



  4. Continue to safeguard your credit and identity after placing the freeze. Continue to be vigilant about your credit and identity, especially if you were a victim of identity theft. Report all lost of stolen items of personal identification to the relevant authorities and try to mend any inaccurate or damaging information that may be affecting your credit score.




Edit Part Two: Understanding What the Freeze Does and Doesn’t Do



  1. Understand that freezing your credit merely prevents access to your credit report. What this means is that new credit or new loans cannot be given out, since lenders need access to credit reports in order to determine the creditworthiness of an applicant. Freezing your credit, then, is like putting a bandaid on a wound: It will prevent future bleeding, but it won’t heal the cut.


  2. Know that freezing your credit has no impact on your existing lines of credit. You can continue to use your old credit cards as usual after placing the freeze; freezing credit applies only to future, not current, lines of credit.[3]


    • Freezing your credit does not mean that you do not need to pay your credit card bills. Just as you are able to use existing credit cards, you are also expected to pay existing credit cards. Placing a freeze on your credit does not exempt you from needing to pay your bills.



  3. Know that placing and/or keeping a credit freeze will affect timely approval of certain financial requests. It almost goes without saying, but having your credit frozen could affect approval of new loans, as well as:


    • Credit, mortgage, and insurance applications, as well as certain government services

    • Rental housing, employment, and investment approval

    • Cell phone and utility bills

    • Your digital signature

    • Various credit card transactions over the internet



  4. Remember to lift a credit freeze before shopping for a new line of credit. If you’re in the market for a new line or credit, you can thaw your frozen credit for a specific creditor, or remove it completely if you’re in the process of shopping around.[4] Remember to do this a few days before you apply in order to be completely sure your application won’t bounce.



Edit Tips



  • If you are able to prove that you are the victim of identity theft, security freeze fees are waived by all 3 credit bureaus.


Edit Warnings



  • If you need to apply for credit, or if you are applying for new employment, you need to temporarily lift the security freeze so you are able to complete both processes.


Edit Things You’ll Need



  • Police report

  • Personal information

  • Computer with Internet access


Edit Related wikiHows



Edit Sources and Citations


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How to Excel in a Retail Job

Bus 2sgh.jpg

A profession in retail is a unique experience. Whether you feel that selling merchandise to customers is your life passion or just a job to make ends meet, it’s important to understand that your position is meaningful, reaches out to many people in your community and leaves a lasting impression. As such, you should always want to excel in it. Excelling as a retail employee includes taking the role seriously, understanding what is expected of you and finding ways to support others in your team.


Edit Steps


Edit Part 1: Personal Integrity





    • If you are habitually late you will be leaving your coworkers in a lurch. You also risk facing disciplinary action or even dismissal, depending on the jurisdiction in which you work.

    • If you can’t make work because you’re ill or indisposed for a good reason, alert your workplace as early as you can. This allows them to make alternative arrangements to cover your shift. Equally, if you want to get ahead in the job, making it known that you’re available to fill in at short notice can be a great way to get noticed, make more money and be seen as highly reliable.



  2. Present yourself well. Retail work is very visual, and it includes not only the stock, but those selling the stock too. Smart grooming and good clothing are an important part of presenting a professional image that inspires confidence in anyone dealing with you. Make an effort, even if your natural preference is scruffy and comfortable. Good presentation can also provide you with a professional “shield” between you and customers, giving you the confidence to behave more professionally.


    • If the store requires a uniform of some sort, keep it well laundered and pressed (find out if the company covers such costs).

    • Have a comb or brush handy for touching up hair during the shift, and perhaps a small mirror and some makeup for touch-ups.



  3. Take care to understand the store policies thoroughly. If you have any questions about what is and is not allowed, ask before doing or failing to do something, or you risk not following the store policies. Many stores give training at the commencement of your job but changes occur over time, so be sure to keep up to date with store policy changes the longer you stay there.


    • For example, you might want to take home used boxes from the store for your volunteer work of doing art with street kids. However, your store might have a policy that employees take nothing from the store; you’d need to know this beforehand, or risk being dismissed.




Edit Part 2: Interacting with Others



  1. Get along with your coworkers. Aim to be friendly, polite, flexible, and sympathetic to the needs of those you work with. Successfully developing a rapport with your coworkers will ensure that they trust you, can easily work with you, and can count on you. Plus, enjoying the company of the people you work with will make any slow day go by a lot faster.


    • What about those times when a coworker wants to chat endlessly? Realize how bad this looks to customers, and how it can cause customers to shy away from asking for your help or service. Ask your coworker to keep the chatting to times when customers are not directly affected; if your coworker seems to keep chatting, it can help to ignore any attempts to engage you in conversation when it’s not convenient.

    • Seasonal events can stress everyone in your team, when there are many shoppers, stock is strewn everywhere and you’re constantly stuck at the cashier’s spot. On such occasions, give each other pep talk, offer a word of praise now and then, and keep an eye out for coworkers who miss breaks and offer to cover for them so that they can take them to refresh.

    • Sometimes coworkers will behave negatively. On such occasions, be aware that workplace conflict is a natural part of working with others and is something to manage, not run from. Try to handle things yourself initially but if it’s too difficult or involves serious issues such as harassment, seek immediate help from your supervisors/superiors.

    • There may be times when one or more members of your team fails to take the role seriously. Realize that everyone has down days or feels fed up with what they’re doing. It’s not usually about you, so don’t take their behavior to heart. Ask them “What’s up?” and be compassionate about their issues.



  2. Work with management, not for them. Get to know your boss (for example, the store manager) and any other authority figures (for example, assistant managers, sales managers, department managers, etc.). Know what each of your superiors expects of you in your position.


    • Aim to be flexible. This includes keeping an open mind if you’re asked by management to stay late during the busy holiday season or to take on an extra responsibility. If you execute this well enough, your efforts will be recognized and you are likely to receive some kind of benefits in the long run, perhaps even a promotion.

    • Ask questions. Whether it’s because you don’t know something or because you’d like to try something innovative but you’re not sure how it’d go down, asking questions shows engagement with the job and interest in it.



  3. Provide a great customer experience. Greet each customer and find out what they’ve come into the store for by asking open-ended questions. Guide them to the product (if available) and assist them with answering any questions they might have. Then, offer to help them find anything else they could be looking for, or if applicable, if they would be interested in a warranty plan (cross-sell!).


    • Smile and stay upbeat even when the customer doesn’t smile back. Customers do notice your smile, they may simply be too busy, self-absorbed in thoughts about what they have to do next or a shrinking violet. Your pleasantness may be enough to thaw the ice for the next person that customer meets!

    • Be aware that disengagement from or lack of enthusiasm for your job is apparent to all––to your coworkers, your boss… and yes, your customers. And customers are super ready to judge that a disengaged retail worker is likely to not want to help them, setting up a defensive situation from the start. Even if this job isn’t your dream ticket to a future career, stay professional; it’s good training for any future job. And you never know when your next customer might be a source of information or work opportunities––or simply interesting!



  4. Be a professional when it comes to the more challenging customers. Clearly not all customers are pleasant and some are downright surly or difficult, especially when waiting in long queues or holding unrealistic expectations about what your store can offer them. In such cases, don’t take their ranting or negativity personally. Realize that some people will be mean-spirited no matter what you do or say and that some people are simply out to make trouble, for whatever reason.


    • Be aware that often the more challenging customer has underlying emotional issues, such as anxiety about overspending, anger about something totally unrelated to the store/sale (and you’re sadly an easy victim), a sense of entitlement, etc. It is not personal (which is probably why it hurts even more, as you feel treated like an automaton). Whatever the cause, stay calm and polite, and if you feel you’re over your head, call for your supervisor.

    • Debrief whenever a customer has been especially difficult. Whether it’s encouraged by your workplace culture or not, find at least one team member with whom you can talk through difficult experiences. If your workplace doesn’t already have such an opportunity in place, suggest that learning sessions be implemented to help all of you learn how to better deal with difficult situations in a more professional and constructive manner. Nobody is born knowing how to solve all conflict, and such skill-building should be part of your workplace training.




Edit Part 3: Perfecting Your Sales Techniques



  1. Know the store and the products you are selling. Familiarize yourself with the sales floor layout and which merchandise is located where. Research as much as you can about the products the store/your department sells, and what advantages your store or the products you sell offer over similar stores or competing products. This way, when it’s time to sell a product or service to a customer, you’ll be well-informed and can confidently close the sale.


  2. Train often. Almost all retail stores provide some kind of basic training to new associates, typically outlining the proper procedures of your position and how to handle common customer scenarios. You can never learn too much, either, so feel free to ask management what training options you may have available if you need a refresher.


  3. Help maintain the store. Even if your role is not in logistics coordination, you can make sure that shelves are neat, items are in their correct places, there are no messes or potential hazards around, and that employee areas are safe and adequately stocked.


    • Demonstrate to others how important it is to pick up stock on the floor, rearrange messy stock etc., by simply pitching in and fixing it whenever the need is apparent. You don’t need directions from above to keep the store neat.



  4. Have fun. Most importantly, enjoy what you do and learn from the experience. You never know who you’ll meet and what opportunities your job will bring in the future.



Edit Tips



  • Learn how to cope with stress. There might be times when you’re swamped by several customers, all wanting your attention, all frustrated and perhaps rude. Stay calm, be polite, and try your best to help them.

  • Always stay busy, even when there’s downtime. Find tasks to keep you moving and productive during lulls. Not only will this make the time go by faster, but it’ll help the store and earn respect from your manager(s).


Edit Warnings



  • Don’t share your discontent about your retail job on social media. It will likely be quite easy to identify you and the disloyalty shown will count against you. If you dislike your job, start looking for a new one and keep your thoughts to yourself. A good reference is essential to finding employment elsewhere.


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How to Calculate Work

WH_Calculate_Work_(1)_775.JPG

In our day-to-day life, we consider any physical or mental labor as work. However, the scientific definition of “work” is entirely different. If we look at two instances in the scientific way, you “work” hard for your exams, yet no work is done. However, if you throw a rock, you have done some “work”. If you’re curious to know more and want to learn how to calculate the amount of work done when a force acts on an object, this tutorial will answer your questions.


Edit Steps


Edit Part One: Deriving the Formula


  1. Learn the definition of work. Work is said to be equal to the product of Force, Displacement and Cosine of the angle between the Force vector and the Direction of movement.

  2. Derive the formula.
    • Imagine a train car on a straight rail is being pulled by a force through a rope.


    • Consider a constant Force, “F” acting on that car.


    • Let the car be displaced (moved) through a distance, “d” in the direction movement.
      WH_Calculate_Work_(3)_426.JPG


    • Let α (alpha) be the angle between the direction of force and the direction of movement. Force is a vector quantity, which means its magnitude and direction can be represented through a vector. In this example, the direction of force vector is the rope.
      WH_Calculate_Work_(4)_989.JPG


    • Let “W” be the “Work” done.
      WH_Calculate_Work_(5)_804.JPG

      • Work= Force × Displacement × Cosine of α

      • W = F × d × Cos(α)



  3. Know the two conditions that should be satisfied for work to be done.
    • A force must act on an object.

    • Displacement must take place.


  4. If either of the conditions is not satisfied, then work is not done. Which means Work = 0.

Edit Part Two:Working out the Formula


  1. Proceed with the formula. Memorize the formula and learn what each letter stands for. A quick recap is given below.
    • W is Work done. The SI unit of Work is Joule (J).
      WH_Calculate_Work_(6)_908.JPG


    • F is the Force applied. The SI unit of Force is Newton (N).
      WH_Calculate_Work_(7)_647.JPG


    • d is the displacement (often written as s). In this formula, displacement’s unit is metre (m).
      WH_Calculate_Work_(8)_279.JPG


    • α is the angle between the direction of force and the direction of movement. The unit of α can be either radian (rad) or degree(°).
      WH_Calculate_Work_(9)_839.JPG



  2. Understand what “1 J of Work” means. 1 J is the Work to be done on an object when a Force of 1 N displaces it by 1 m along the line of action of Force.
    WH_Calculate_Work_(10)_268.JPG


  3. Work only has magnitude and no direction. Thus, Work is not a vector quantity.

Edit Part Three: Practicing the Formula


  1. Try out a problem. For example:
    • A train car is pulled by a Force of 10 N, which displaces it by 2 m in the direction of force. Calculate the Work done in this case.
      • F = 10 N

      • d = 2 m

      • α = 0° ⇔ Cos(α) = 1 (Since the car is pull in the direction of Force)

      • W = F × d × Cos(α) = 10 N × 2 m × 1 = 20 J

      • Thus, the Work done is 20 J.
        WH_Calculate_Work_(11)_688.JPG



    • A train car is pulled by a rope, by a Force of 10 N, which displaces it by 2 m. The rope and the rail make an angle of 60°. Calculate the Work done in this case.
      • F = 10 N

      • d = 2 m

      • α = 60° ⇔ Cos(α) = 1/2 = 0.5

      • W = F × d × Cos(α) = 10 N × 2 m × 0.5 = 10 J

      • Thus, the Work done is 10 J.
        WH_Calculate_Work_(12)_904.JPG




  2. Practice. Though the formula is pretty simple, it forms the basis for deriving the formulas for calculating kinetic and potential energy. As such, it’s essential that you’re thoroughly conversant with this formula and the way of working it.

  3. Try out different problems. If you keep practicing, you’ll find that you can remember the formula with ease and work it out quickly. For example, here are some more problems to figure out:
    • A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is 8 m, in the direction of the force. What is the Work done?

    • A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field is being ploughed is 15 m long. Calculate the Work done in ploughing the length of the field.


Edit Tips


  • Keep practicing, and try again if you don’t succeed at first.

  • Learn the following points about work:
    • Work done by a force can either be positive or negative. (In this sense, the terms positive or negative carry their mathematical meaning, not the everyday meaning.)

    • Work done is negative when the force acts opposite to the direction of displacement.

    • Work done is positive when the force is in the direction of displacement.


  • Work out as many problems as you can, this will ensure a thorough understanding.

  • If you succeed in solving a problem, smile and pat yourself on the back!

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